This book addresses the topical question how national and internationalenvironmental concerns could be adequately integrated into internationalinvestment law. It covers the question whether international investment lawrestricts state sovereignty in an unacceptable way, in particular the freedom of host states to develop national policies and regulation for the improvement of the environment. This book fi rst analyzes the interaction between international investment law and the protection of the environment on the basis of concepts such as sustainable development, fair and equitable treatment, and international responsibility. Secondly, several chapters discuss challenges which are encountered in attempts to integrate environmental concerns in investment policies in specific sectors and regions (e.g. climate change, water pollution, renewable and nuclear energy, and the European Union region). And, thirdly, specific case studies illustrate the legal and policy tensions between investment law and environmental protection, namely Vattenfall's disputes with Germany, legal clashes between Chevron and Ecuador, and multinational mining companies' conflicts in Indonesia. The contributions are written by international experts in the fi eld of international investment law and environmental law. This book would also be of interest for policy makers and other practitioners, who can use the insights provided, as a guide in their work.