The different dimensions and challenges of citizenship in the digital era.In the digital age, citizenship is increasingly detached from traditional boundaries and reshaped by digital transformation. New practices, relationships, and forms of participation raise conceptual, empirical, and normative questions about what it means to be a citizen today. This handbook maps the many dimensions of digital citizenship, highlighting the challenges and tensions that shape its development and asking how links between the digital realm and the public sphere create new forms of citizenship.'Digital Citizenship: Context, Concepts, and Controversies' provides an interdisciplinary examination of the nature and stakes of digital citizenship. Its chapters address rights, responsibilities, governance, and identity, and analyze how state–citizen relations evolve under digital transformation. Claims are illustrated with examples and case studies in areas such as education, healthcare, labor, international mobility sustainability, and democratic engagement. Covering topics such as eHealth, learning analytics, civic education, misinformation, and the digital divide, the book foregrounds EU regulations and their implications for citizenship. It serves international readers and blends theory with practical tools and examples suitable for undergraduate and graduate teaching, while also being relevant for policymakers.