A change in the dynamics of bankruptcy procedures is taking place in the Netherlands and UnitedStates. In the Netherlands, the opening of a bankruptcy procedure traditionally leads to the saleof the assets of the debtor and a distribution of the proceeds among creditors. In recent years,however, there has been increased attention for reform of Dutch bankruptcy law as to enhance itsreorganizational possibilities and enable the saving of viable businesses. In the United States atrend in the opposite direction can be seen. Bankruptcy law of this country has traditionally beenknown for its reorganizational possibilities, but in recent years there has been a marked increasein asset sales and efforts have been undertaken to limit the abilities to rescue any businesses.These changed dynamics warrant a fundamental discussion about bankruptcy law. Not everybusiness in trouble should be liquidated, but not every business in trouble should be saved either.Rather, the challenge is to ensure that if a business enters bankruptcy, this bankruptcy leads to anefficient outcome by formulating the right rules. This book aims to formulate these rules.