Chapter 1 Introduction 1Chapter 2 Startup of reactors for anoxic ammonium oxidation: Experiences from the first full-scale anammox reactor in Rotterdam 17Chapter 3 The membrane bioreactor: A novel tool to grow suspended anammox bacteria 45Chapter 4 Response of anammox bacteria to hydroxylamine 63Chapter 5 Dynamics of nitric and nitrous oxide emission during full-scale reject water treatment 87Chapter 6 An intracellular pH gradient in the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis as evaluated by 31P NMR. 117References 130Summary/Samenvatting 142Nawoord 149List of Publications 152Curriculum Vitae 153Also available online at:http://repository.tudelft.nl/file/941876/378978