his easy-to-grasp book introduces nanotechnology, a fast growing field with applications in a large number of areas. Nanotechnology is increasingly present in manufactured products and in daily life objects. It uses less raw materials to provide similar, improved or new functions for materials and systems. It also allows to cut down costs of objects and processes.This introductory book is divided in two parts.One presents the basics of this new field and introduce the physics involved and its consequences. The topics that are addressed are about nanoscience and nanotechnology, quantum effects, nanomaterials and nanostructures, nanofabrication and the new forms of carbon.The second part present some applications in different areas as well as the issue of risks and toxicity of nanomaterials. The different areas of applications are health, food, nanoelectronics and molecular electronics, nanocatalysis, energy (production, housing and transport), defense and security. We also address the issue of risks and toxicity of nanomaterials.This book is not intended to be a comprehensive presentation of nanotechnology but just a flavor of this exciting area that will be more and more important for our future.