The collection comprises a comprehensive array of scholarly papers from the International Scientific Conference titled "Science in the Context of Modern Challenges and Prospects", held on 21st May 2025. This collection has been meticulously curated to cater to a broad spectrum of readers, including scientists, educators, students, government officials, business representatives, and the wider public with an interest in the evolving directions of scientific inquiry and educational methodologies. The content is designed to disseminate cutting-edge research and pedagogical strategies, as well as to foster dialogue and collaboration among different stakeholders in the scientific and educational communities. It serves as a critical resource for those involved in shaping the future landscapes of science and education, providing insights into emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in these fields.