Table of ContentsIntroduction: Who Answers for Meaning?Yifeng Sun, University of MacauSection I. Redefining Translation in the AI era1. Translation as Sensory Experience in the Age of AIPiotr Blumczynski, Queen’s University Belfast2. Augmented Translation: Rehumanizing the Translator in the Age of AIYifeng Sun, University of Macau3. Staying Ahead of the Machines: A Literary Translator’s Adventures with MT and AIDouglas Robinson, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)Section II. Rethinking Translation studies in Today’s AI-driven landscape4. Think Again? Translation Studies after MoveTheo Hermans, University College London5. Deconstruction in the Age of GenAI: Rethinking Translation TheoryGe Song, Hong Kong Education UniversitySection II. Human-AI interaction in T&I6. Symbiotic Interpreting through Human-AI Collaboration in Interpreting and Interpreter Education in the AI EraBinhua Wang, Lingnan University7. Understanding AI Anxiety among Translators: Dimensions and Ways Forward Yanfang Su, Lingnan University; Simin Xu & Kanglong Liu, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Section IV. Pedagogical innovations to prepare future professionals8. From Human Wisdom to Artificial Intelligence: Translation as Education in the AI AgeChunshen Zhu, Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University; Yuan Deng, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)9. Revisiting the Competence of Translators and Their Educators in the AI Era: Evidence from Chinese Recruitment DataWeihe Zhong & Xi Li, Macau Millennium CollegeThis book responds to current scholarship by challenging the prevailing narrative of human obsolescence in translation and interpreting by foregrounding the enduring significance of human agency.Fluent translation is now easy to generate. The harder question is one that AI cannot answer on its own: who bears responsibility when meaning is produced by systems that cannot themselves be held accountable? Translation has never been just linguistic substitution. It is judgment under constraint, shaped by competing interests, with consequences that fall on real people. AI does not remove that human dimension — it makes questions of interpretive authority and professional accountability harder to sidestep.This book responds to current scholarship by challenging the prevailing narrative of human obsolescence in translation and interpreting by foregrounding the enduring significance of human agency. It offers a distinctive contribution through its sustained focus on human creativity, ethics, and education in technologically mediated contexts of translation and interpreting. The nine chapters from translation studies, interpreting research, philosophy, and AI scholarship examine how creativity, ethics, professional agency, and pedagogy are being reshaped. The volume argues that human authority in translation is not merely a holdover from pre‑digital practice, but a defining condition of translation as an ethical, professional, and institutional activity. Neither technophobia nor uncritical adoption will serve the field. This book offers a clear‑eyed reckoning with what is at stake.