The Netherlands is a large producer and trader of synthetic drugs (notably XTC and amphetamines). In fact, Dutch criminals are global leaders in the synthetic drugs industry, with distribution networks and commercial activities across the world. It is a multi-billion business forming a shadow economy that is immensely attractive to many people. This book describes why the Netherlands has become and – barring drastic action by the Dutch government – will remain such a big player in synthetic drugs.This is an abridged account of another Boom criminologie publication entitled Waar een klein land groot in kan zijn. Nederland en synthetische drugs in de afgelopen 50 jaar. (A small country punching above its weight. The Netherlands and synthetic drugs in the past 50 years). The aim of the authors is to make a contribution to the national and international debate about drugs, drugs crime and the anti-drugs efforts.