This book analyses the regulation of medical devices at the federal level in the United States and in the European Union. It covers fundamental aspects (substantive and procedural) of the regulation of medical devices in both regimes, in order to assess the current European institutional framework.The author proposes regulatory reforms for the regulation of medical devices. It is suggested to create a new Community body, the European Medical Device Agency. The US Food and Drug Administration has served as a source of inspiration.This book gives answers to the question why a European Medical Device Agency is needed, its legal implications and its competences and structure (including how to organise all relevant parties concerned). It is proposed that the European Medical Device Agency should have a central role in the regulation of medical devices throughout the European Union.