1. Don’t Panic 10 _____________________________________________________________________________________2. We Need to Rock 12 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Global Needs: Climate Threats and Emissions 13 2.3 Regional Needs: accessibility 14 2.4 Local Needs in Urban and Rural Areas 15 2.5 Underlying Problem: Car Dependency 15 2.6 Use It, Don’t Own It 16_____________________________________________________________________________________3. Defining Shared Mobility 18 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Definition 19 3.3 How Shared Mobility Affects Our Behaviour 19 3.4 Shifting towards a Sustainable Transport Mix 20 3.5 The World of Shared Mobility 23_____________________________________________________________________________________4. Shared Mobility Modes 26 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Sharing Space 27 4.3 Carsharing 37 4.4 Bikesharing 53 4.5 Shared Micromobility 71 4.6 Ridesharing 79 4.7 On-Demand Ride Services 90_____________________________________________________________________________________5. Shared Mobility Impacts 94 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 Carsharing 96 5.3 Bikesharing 101 5.4 E-scootersharing 104 5.5 Ridesharing 106_____________________________________________________________________________________6. Integrating Shared Mobility 110 6.1 Introduction 111 6.2 Synergy Effects 111 6.3 Mobihubs: Physical Integration 112 6.4 MaaS: Digital Integration 124 6.5 Spatial Integration in Real Estate Development 124 6.6 Mobility Management for Companies 1324 Table of Contents7. Boosting Shared Mobility Uptake 138 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Stakeholder engagement 139 7.3 Target groups 140 7.4 Marketing and Communication Strategies 140 7.5 A Framework for Behaviour Change 141_____________________________________________________________________________________8. Market Developments 150 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 Slow but Steady 151 8.3 Fast Expansion 152 8.4 Booming Services 152 8.5 Changing Markets 153 8.6 The Dark Side of Shared Mobility 155_____________________________________________________________________________________9. Policies that Make Shared Mobility Rock 158 9.1 Introduction 159 9.2 Why It Is So Hard to Make Shared Mobility Rock? 159 9.3 Need for Policy Making 159 9.4 What Governments Can and Should Do 162 9.5 Dedicate Staff to Shared Mobility 162 9.6 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans 162 9.7 Shared Mobility Action Plans 168 9.8 Cooperating with and Selecting Service Providers 174 9.9 Parking Regulations 178 9.10 National and EU policies 184 9.11 Research and Data 190 9.12 Practice What You Preach 190_____________________________________________________________________________________10. Looking to the Future 192 10.1 Introduction 193 10.2 Trends 193 10.3 The Challenge for Shared Mobility 193 10.4 Take the Lead 195_____________________________________________________________________________________References 196 _____________________________________________________________________________________Annex 1: Types of Shared Mobility 204 Carsharing 204 Bikesharing 212 Shared Micromobility 218 Ridesharing 220_____________________________________________________________________________________Annex 2: Overview of Case Studies 222 _____________________________________________________________________________________About the SHARE-North Project 224Did you know private cars stand still over 95% of the time? In cities, a significant amount of public space is occupied by parking lots and parked cars. In rural areas, inhabitants have to deal with the impoverishment of public transport and the resulting car dependency. Shared mobility can be part of the solution for addressing these challenges! But it’s not always easy to make heads or tails of the shared mobility universe. Don’t panic. With this book, you’ll learn all the basics of shared mobility –from the different forms and definitions to the impacts and potentials of carsharing, ridesharing, bikesharing, Mobility as a Service, mobility hubs and more! Detailed examples of shared mobility projects in cities and rural areas will provide you with ideas, crucial factors for success and valuable lessons learned.Did you know private cars stand still over 95% of the time? In cities, a signifi cantamount of public space is occupied by parking lots and parked cars. In rural areas,inhabitants have to deal with the impoverishment of public transport and the resultingcar dependency. Shared mobility can be part of the solution for addressing thesechallenges! But it’s not always easy to make heads or tails of the shared mobilityuniverse. Don’t panic. With this book, you’ll learn all the basics of shared mobility –from the different forms and defi nitions to the impacts and potentials of carsharing,ridesharing, bikesharing, Mobility as a Service, mobility hubs and more! Detailedexamples of shared mobility projects in cities and rural areas will provide you withideas, crucial factors for success and valuable lessons learned.Together with the mind-blowing SHARE-North team of experts, Friso Metz, seniorconsultant shared mobility at Advier (NL) and Rebecca Karbaumer, sustainablemobility project coordinator for the City of Bremen (DE), have bundled the projectteam’s extensive expertise and experience with shared mobility to coordinate andcreate this book. Whether you are a planner, a policy maker or just a transportenthusiast, this book will provide you with a solid framework of knowledge. Joinus for the ride and fi nd out why shared mobility rocks!