Neurotechnologies, such as functional Mangetich Resonance Imaging and Deep Brain Stimulation, are currently mainly used in the health sector for research, diagnosis and therapy. But neurotechnologies could also be used for human enhancement, for instance to improve cognitive functions. Moreover, insights from neuroscience are increasingly used for legal purposes, for instance to determine a suspect`s responsibility for his actions or to distinguish truthful from deceptive statements. These three domains of applciation raise different important ethical and legal questions that require further discussion. Similarly, the application of robotics and autonomous technologies in various (social) situations - the home, hospital environments, traffic and in war - raises a number of ethical and legal issues. These include questions such as: what are the ethical implications of applying robots in the health sector with regrad to our ideas about human dignity and autonomy? What are the consequences of using robotics in war? And can we hold robots liable if they play an ever more important role in our daily lives? This book, which was created in light of a conference on the topic that was held in the spring of 2011 at Tilburg University in the Netherlands, brings together 19 papers on the fascinating developments in neuroscience and robotics, and the legal, ethical and consequences these developments may have.