Introduction. ReSoc- Resources in SocietiesMaja Gori, Thomas Stöllner, Constance von RüdenLifeworlds in resource landscapes1. Introduction: Lifeworlds in resource landscapes.Thomas Stöllner2. Resources as Life Worlds: How Do Material Resources Shape Cognition and Culture?Timothy M. LeCain3. Resource-Scapes: Interwoven practices between appropriation and alienation in premodern mining communitiesThomas Stöllner4. Linked resources: The metallurgy-pastoralism nexusMark Pearce5. Local Knowledge and Sacralisation of Resources in the Iron Age Apennines (Italy). From Resource Landscapes to Resource Cultures.Raffaella Da Vela6. Technology and Social Dynamics of Mining in Bronze Age ChinaYiu-Kang Hsu & Haichao Li7. Urban Mining? A new look at taphonomic processes as key to the reconstruction of waste and resource management in Late La Tène societyMilena Müller Kissing David Brönnimann, Johannes Wimmer, Barbara Stopp, Hannele Rissanen, Norbert SpichtigSkill, embodiment and the growth of knowledge8. Introduction. Skill, embodiment and the growth of knowledgeConstance von Rüden & Maja Gori9. Craft apprenticeship, craft innovation and the relational aspects of skillNikolas Papadimitriou & Akis Goumas10. The Anatomy of a TraditionChristopher D. Buckley11. Built from Paint: The Making of Architectural Simulations in the Wall Paintings of Tell el-DabaJohannes JungfleischResources and complex systems12. Introduction: Resources and complex systemsMichail Roos13. The Challenge of Interdisciplinarity in Agent-Based Modelling with Particular Reference to ArchaeologyEdmund Chattoe-Brown14. Migration in the Cetina Phenomenon? An Agent Based Modelling Approach to Reasons for Mobility in the Adriatic Area between 2500 and 2000 BCMaja Gori & Frederik Schaff15. Simulating resource exploitation strategies in Iron Age to Hellenistic communities in southwest AnatoliaDries Daems & Stef Boogers16. A Model of the Emergence of the StateMartin NeumannThis volume brings together innovative research to explore the profound impact of resources on the development of early societies. Divided into three major themes – lifeworlds in resource landscapes, skill and embodied knowledge, and the role of resources within complex systems – the volume draws on diverse case studies, from Bronze Age Chinese mining to Iron Age preurban resource management and the metallurgy-pastoralism nexus. Contributors reveal how materials were not merely extracted but embedded within cognitive frameworks, cultural traditions, and social transformations. Special emphasis is placed on the relational and evolving nature of craft skills, technological innovations, and the embodied growth of knowledge. Advanced computational approaches focussing on complexity, further illuminate patterns of mobility, resource use, and state formation.Integrating archaeological, anthropological, and modeling perspectives, this volume offers an interdisciplinary and multi-scalar analysis of resources and their impact on societies in premodern times. It is intended for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in archaeology, anthropology, history, and related disciplines who are interested in material culture, environmental adaptation, cognitive processes, and the dynamics of complex societies.