List of TablesList of FiguresPrefaceChapter 1. Introduction1.1 Everywhere and Nowhere: Defining the Boundaries of News Translation1.2 Scope and Purpose1.3 Case and FrameworkChapter 2. What is News Translation?2.1 Journalism and Translation2.1.1 Gatekeeping and Transediting2.1.1.1 Gatekeeping2.1.1.2 Transediting2.1.2 Research by Insiders2.1.3 Warwick’s “Translation in Global News” Project2.1.4 News Translation Research in Japan2.2 Journalism and Speech Events2.2.1 Direct Quotations2.2.2 Translation of Speech Events Chapter 3. Japanese Journalism and Translation3.1 Historical Development3.2 The Current Media Landscape3.2.1 Newspapers3.2.1.1 The Yomiuri Shimbun (読売新聞)3.2.1.2 The Asahi Shimbun (朝日新聞)3.2.1.3 The Mainichi Shimbun (毎日新聞)3.2.1.4 The Nikkei (日本経済新聞)3.2.1.5 The Sankei Shimbun (産経新聞)3.2.1.6 The Chunichi Shimbun (中日新聞)3.2.2 Magazines3.2.3 TV Broadcasting3.2.4 Radio Broadcasting3.2.5 Online Media3.3 Japanese Journalators3.3.1 Overview3.3.2 Typical Profiles3.4 The News Translation ProcessChapter 4. Risk Management in Translation4.1 What is Risk in Translation?4.2 Pym’s Concept of Risk Management4.2.1 Uncertainty and Translation4.2.2 The Nature of Risk4.2.3 Effort and Risk4.2.4 Ethics and Risk4.2.5 Translation Strategies as Risk Management4.3 Particular Risks in News TranslationChapter 5. Analyzing the Effect of Risks on Translation5.1 Methodologies in News Translation Research5.2 Risk Analysis5.2.1 Designing the Method5.2.2 Categorizing the Risks5.2.3 A Model for the Analysis of Risk in News Translation5.2.3.1 Step One: Selecting the Target5.2.3.2 Step Two: Identifying the Translation Strategies5.2.3.3 Step Three: Analyzing the Strategy and Effort5.2.3.4 Step Four: Identifying and Analyzing Risk ManagementChapter 6. Case Study: 2012 U.S. Presidential Election6.1 Difference in Quoting Obama and Trump6.2 Targeted Speech Events6.2.1 Victory Speech6.2.2 Inaugural Address6.2.3 Journalators’ Roles 96.3 Text Analysis6.3.1 Types of Strategies6.3.1.1 Omission6.3.1.2 Addition6.3.1.3 Substitution6.3.1.4 Distribution of Omission, Addition, and Substitution6.3.2 Qualitative Analysis6.3.2.1 Omission as a Key Strategy6.3.2.2 Examples of Addition6.3.2.3 Examples of Substitution Chapter 7. News Translation Practices in Various Genres7.1 Unethical and Non-Standard Practices7.1.1 Comparing Interlingual and Intralingual Practices7.1.2 Applying a New Concept7.2 How Risk Affects the Translator’s Decision-Making Process7.2.1 Journalator Profile: Keiichi Shirato7.2.2 Accuracy in Translation7.2.3 Time and Space Limitations7.2.4 Effects of Risk7.3 Preliminary ConclusionChapter 8. News Translation and the Changing Media Environment8.1 New Types of Risks and Coping Methods8.1.1 Managing Risk in a Press Conference8.1.2 Managing Risk through Double-Presentation8.1.3 Managing Risk through Increased Visibility8.2 News Translation Research in an Advanced Information SocietyAfterwordAppendicesA. The White House Transcript of President Obama’s Remarks on Election Night delivered November 7, 2012B. The White House Transcript of President Obama’s Inaugural Address delivered January 21, 2013NotesReferencesIndexJournalism and unique translation practices by Japanese media todayInternational news stories provided to the public basically rely on translation. Most of this translation is done not by translators, but by journalists with practically no training in translation. What happens when the norms of journalism and those of translation clash? In this book, the author, a trained conference interpreter and former international journalist, investigates translator decisions in the practice of Japanese news translation. Her extensive analysis of texts from six major Japanese newspapers and interviews with Japanese “journalators” focuses on direct quotations, where accuracy is a journalistic priority but can generate loss of communication impact if implemented rigidly. She argues that many shifts from accuracy can be explained as risk management strategies. When News Travels East provides invaluable insight from an insider about news translation in Japan and beyond and paves the way for further research in the field.Most pieces of international news worldwide provided to the public rely on translation. Most of this translation is done not by translators, but by journalists with practically no training in translation. What happens when norms of journalism and those of translation clash? In this book, the author, a trained conference interpreter and former international journalist, takes the example of news translation in Japan and analyzes translation choices. Her extensive analysis of texts from six major Japanese newspapers and interviews with Japanese ‘journalators’ focuses on direct quotations, where accuracy is a top journalistic priority but can generate loss of communication impact if implemented rigidly. She argues that many shifts from accuracy can be explained by risk management strategies. When News Travels East provides invaluable insight from an insider about news translation in Japan and beyond and paves the way for further research in the field.